This finding, published in the prestigious journal Acta Physiologica, may represent an advance in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

A study carried out by the research group "Intestinal Immunomodulation" of the Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA) shows that human intestinal mesenchymal cells (iMCs) isolated from non-inflamed intestine possess immunomodulatory and regenerative capacities of intestinal tissue.

The healthy intestinal mucosa is characterized by not generating exaggerated immune responses against normal components of the diet and the commensal microbiota, which is known as tolerance. However, different chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are related to alterations in this tolerance phenomenon.

Therefore, better knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for intestinal mucosa tolerance has great translational value, which may be essential to improve the management of these diseases and contribute to the development of more effective and safer treatments. In this sense, it is known that human intestinal mesenchymal cells (iMCs) play an important role in the normal functioning of the intestine, including the tolerance of the colonic mucosa.

In this research carried out in Granada, the ability of human iMCs to promote intestinal epithelial regeneration and modulate immune responses, both in vitro with different cell lines, and in mice, which have been induced the disease, has been analyzed.

In the in vitro tests carried out by this group of scientists from Granada on ibs.GRANADA, human iMCs facilitated regeneration when the epithelium formed by intestinal cells was injured. Likewise, iMCs were able to inhibit the inflammatory response in different cell types, including colonic epithelial NCM356 cells, THP-1 macrophages, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

In mice with experimental colitis, the administration of iMCs reduced the symptoms of the disease, at the same time that it improved the damage and permeability of the intestinal tissue. In addition, the iMCs decreased intestinal inflammation, which was evidenced by the improvement in the different inflammatory parameters evaluated.

The study carried out by this group of researchers from the Precision Medicine area of ibs.GRANADA may allow the development of treatments for inflammatory bowel disease that promote the regeneration of damaged tissue and restore normal bowel function, which is altered due to the disease, thus reducing its severity.

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