During cell growth, cells copy their DNA through a process called DNA replication. For this process to be accurate, the genetic and epigenetic information must be copied flawlessly. In this regard, researchers led by Travis H. Stracker at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), in collaboration with Anja Groth’s group at the Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), have identified a key role for the TLK1 and TLK2 enzymes in DNA replication.

“We demonstrated that TLK activity is critical to prevent extensive DNA damage and cell death during DNA replication. And in some human cancers, TLK1 and TLK2 correlate with clinical outcome, thus supporting the idea that they may be promising targets for inhibition, explains Travis H. Stracker, head of the Genomic Instability and Cancer Lab.

Published in Science Advances, the study is based on previous studies that pointed to TLK1/2 as potential candidate targets in cancer therapy, and it provides new molecular details on their key functions in cancer cell proliferation.

This collaborative study has used state-of-the-art molecular approaches to analyze DNA replication and DNA damage, as well as the computational analysis of publicly available cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project.

Fueling the faithful duplication of DNA

The scientists have demonstrated that TLK1 and TLK2 activity is crucial for regulating the availability of histones, abundant proteins that protect DNA, provide structure and carry epigenetic information. “When DNA is copied, cells need to provide twice as many histones and deposit them properly in order to maintain genetic and epigenetic information. If there are too few histones, crucial information is lost and DNA damage occurs,” explains Sandra Segura-Bayona, PhD student in the Genomic Instability and Cancer Lab and one of the first authors of the study.

Potential targets for cancer therapy

The researchers examined the status of the TLK1 and TLK2 genes in over 7000 patient samples made publically available by the Cancer Genome Atlas project. They found that these genes are rarely mutated in cancers, thereby suggesting a potentially conserved role. In many cases, the TLK1 and TLK2 genes were duplicated or overexpressed and in several types of cancer, high expression correlated with poor patient outcome.

Although previous studies had proposed that TLK1/2 were potential targets for breast cancer therapy, this study demonstrates that their inhibition could be useful for the treatment of various kinds of cancer and may enhance the activity of several chemotherapeutic agents currently in clinical trials. These enzymes therefore emerge as potential targets for future drug development.

The study also involved the collaboration of Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, head of the Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility at IRB Barcelona. This study was supported by the former Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competiveness (MINECO), now Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and by a “la Caixa” PhD fellowship awarded to Sandra Segura-Bayona.

Reference article:

Sung-Bau Lee, Sandra Segura-Bayona, Marina Villamor-Payà, Giulia Saredi, Matthew A. M. Todd, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Ting-Yu Chang, Travis H. Stracker and Anja Groth

Tousled-like kinases stabilize replication forks and show synthetic lethality with checkpoint and PARP inhibitors

Science Advances (2018) DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aat4985

About IRB Barcelona

Created in 2005 by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) and University of Barcelona, IRB Barcelona is a Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, a seal that was awarded in 2011. The institute is devoted to conducting research of excellence in biomedicine and to transferring results to clinical practice, thus improving people’s quality of life, while simultaneously promoting the training of outstanding researchers, technology transfer, and public communication of science. Its 25 laboratories and seven core facilities address basic questions in biology and are orientated to diseases such as cancer, metastasis, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and rare conditions. IRB Barcelona is an international centre that hosts 400 employees and 32 nationalities. It is located in the Barcelona Science Park. IRB Barcelona forms part of the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) and the “Xarxa de Centres de Recerca de Catalunya” (CERCA).

Image: TLK inhibition leads to replication stress (green) and extensive DNA damage (red) in cultured cancer cells. Sandra Segura-Bayona, IRB Barcelona.

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